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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two components, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is that the structure itself, which is constructed from the termites. Nests can be broadly divided into three main categories: subterranean (completely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (constructed above ground, but constantly connected to the ground via shelter tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the ground with ground contact and are made from ground and sand.

Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of today nest in wooden structures such as logs, stumps and the dead portions of trees, as did termites millions of years back.184.

To construct their nests, termites mostly use faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partially digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and timber ), and dirt, utilized in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not many nests are observable, as many nests in tropical forests are located underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are good examples of subterranean nest contractors, since they only reside inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds shield the termites' soft bodies against desiccation, mild, pathogens and parasites, as well as providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made out of carton are particularly weak, and so the inhabitants use counter-attack strategies against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial illness in the intestine of the termites: they utilize their faeces as a carton building material. Arboreal termites nests can account for up to 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build intricate nests called polycalic nests; this habitat is called polycalism. Polycalic species of termites sort numerous nests, or calies, connected with subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to possess polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests appear to be frequent in mound-building species but polycalic arboreal nests have been observed in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests are considered mounds if they protrude from the earth's surface. A mound provides termites the same protection for a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds found in regions having torrential and continuous rainfall are in danger of mound erosion as a result of their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can offer protection from the rain, and in fact can withstand high precipitation.

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By way of example, Cubitermes colonies build narrow tunnels used as strong points, as the width of the tunnels is small enough for soldiers to block.192 A recommended you read highly protected room, known as the"queens mobile", houses the queen and king and can be employed as a last line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably build the most complex structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the biggest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 feet), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 feet) high and 2.5 metres (8 ft ) wide.

The sculptured mounds sometimes have elaborate and distinctive forms, such as those of their compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds with the long Read More Here axis oriented about northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase quickly during the morning while avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

Termites construct shelter tubes, also known as earthen tubes or sand tubes, that begin from the ground. These shield tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a time of higher humidity, these tubes offer protection to termites from potential predators, especially ants.198 Shelter tubes also give high humidity and darkness and permit employees to accumulate food resources that cannot be obtained in any other manner.197 These passageways are made from soil and faeces and are normally brown in color.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in width, but may extend dozens of metres in length.198.

Owing to their wood-eating customs, many termite species can do significant damage to unprotected buildings and other wooden constructions.199 Termites play an important function as decomposers of wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans occurs where structures and landscapes containing structural timber components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with a reliable supply of food and moisture.200;Their habit of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are seriously damaged, leaving a thin coating of a wall that protects them from your environment.201 Of click to find out more the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause harm; 83 species cause significant damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 species have an economic impact; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.